小议but 的用法
2014年4月11日 15:15 作者:尹灿荣 云南省宾川县第三完全中学尹灿荣 云南省宾川县第三完全中学
“but”一词是中学英语的一个重要词汇,它的语义非常丰富,用法灵活多变,复现率也相当高,有时会起着对句意理解或试题解答判断的关键作用。为了弄清楚but 的基本用法,本文就but的各种用法作一归纳和小结。
一、用作连词。意为“而,但是,可是”等,表示语义的转折。可以连接两个并列成分或两个并列分句。如:It has no arms,but its hands turn round and round.Mary likes classical music,but her husband likes rock music.He is young but very experienced.To the world you may be one,but to me you may be the world.(对世界而言,你是一个人,但对于我个人,你是我的世界。)It was a sunny but not very hot day.注意:but 不能与though,although 连用,因为,它们是连词,故不能同时出现在句中。如汉语可以说“虽然他是个孩子,但却懂得很多。”英语可译为:Although he is only a child,he knows a lot.或He is only a child,but he knows a lot.不能译为:Although he is onlya child,but he knows a lot.
二、用作介词。意为“除…..之外”,常与no,nothing,all,everyone,everything,anybody,anything,none 等表示整体概念的词连用,或置于疑问词what,who,whoever 等之后。如:The crew of the ship gave them nothing but bread to eat.(船上的工作人员,除了面包外什么也不给他们吃。)Who but a fool would do that?(除了傻瓜谁还会干那事?)I know them all but two.(他们当中我只有两个不认识。)He wanted nothing but to stay here another day.(他只想在这儿再呆一天。)注意:but 后经常跟不定式作介词宾语,一般都要带不定式符号to,但but 前若有do,did,but 后的不定式就不带不定式符号to 了。如:I can do nothing but let him know.(我只能通知他了。)
三、用作副词。意为“仅仅,只是”,相当于only。You have but choices --- follow me or refuse me.(你只有两个选择,要么跟着我,要么拒绝我。)She is but a child.(她只不过是个小孩。)His argument is but a fallacy.(他的论点只是一中谬论。)
四、用于表示歉意。用于表示歉意的话语之后,引起一个分句,but 本身无意义。如:Excuse me,but are you Mr.Smith?Forgive my asking,but you’re not very happy,are you?(恕我冒昧,你不太高兴,是吗?)
五、由but 构成的常用短语和结构
1.but for “多亏…..,要不是……”,多用于虚拟语气。I couldn’t have made so rapid progress but for the English teacher.(多亏了英语老师,我才有这么大的进步。)2.not only……but also…… “不但……而且……”。并列两个成分或两个句子,并列主语时,谓语动词的数要与毗邻的主语保持一致。如:Not only you but also he is right.3.not…..but…..“不是…..而是…..”They were not the bones of an animal,but of a human being.(那不是动物的骨头,而是人的骨头。)Not you but I am to blame.(不是你的错,而是我的错。)4、but that “要不是……,若非……”,常用于虚拟语气。But that I saw it,I could not have believed it.(若非亲眼所见,我绝不相信。)5.but then “但另一方面…..”,“不过…..”We love each other deeply,but then we cannot get married.(我们彼此相爱不过我们不能结婚。)6.never…..but 每当…….就Her brother never comes,but he asks her for money.(她兄弟来时总向她要钱。)7.no…..but 虽然,尽管,没有…..不No child but likes Old Li in our village(. 我们村的小孩没有不喜欢老李的。)8.no one but 除了…..外,谁也不….No one but a fool believes it.(只有傻瓜才相信。)9.can but 只能,只好The old lady could but walk slowly with a sick.(那老太只能柱着拐杖慢慢地走。)10.can not but 不由得,忍不住I could not but tell him about it.(我不由得告诉他这事。)11.cannot choose but….不得不,必须They could not choose but obey(. 他们只好服从了,别无选择。)12.cannot help but 不能不,不得不I can not help but be sorry.(我不能不感到遗憾。)13.nothing but 只不过,仅仅She is nothing but a housewife.(她只不过是个家庭主妇。)14.nothing……but 除了……..Nothing would do but he should be here(. 一切无用,除非他来。)15.anything but 不见得,绝非I was anything but angry.(我一点也不生气。)通过以上的归纳,我们对but 的用法有了全面的了解,清楚了but 各种词性的使用,了解了but 常用的习惯搭配。我们在阅读或使用时,切莫粗心,一定要看清结构,明白but 在句中的成分或搭配,才能准确的理解句意,正确的判断试题。> 才智 /96
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